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Family Tree DNA is holding a sale on its DNA tests from now until 11:59 pm PDT on April 30, 2025. The 37 marker Y-DNA test is marked down from $119 to $79 plus shipping and the 111 marker Y-DNA test is marked down from $249 to $199 plus shipping. Please be advised that only these two Y-DNA tests of the male Y chromosome are applicable for the purposes of our Phillips DNA Project. Here is a link to a page where you can order a test kit through our project which will ensure your results will be added our project.

Just as there are surnames that are very common (such as Phillips) and surnames that are uncommon, there are Haplotypes (a set of results that characterize you on the Y-chromosome) with a high frequency of occurrence (aka common) and Haplotypes with a low frequency of occurrence (aka uncommon). The 12 Marker result from the Y-chromosome test is called a Haplotype and can help determine if your DNA sample is common or uncommon.

When you compare a 12 Marker result to another 12 marker result of someone with the same surname and the results match 12/12, there is a 99% probability that you two are related within a genealogical timeframe. If the match is 11/12, there's still a high probability that you are related if the 11/12 match is within the same surname.

If you compare the 12 marker result to someone else who does not have the same surname, but the scores match, you are most likely NOT recently related. When we use the term recently related, we are talking about a time frame within the last 1000 years or 40 generations, a period that includes the earliest known use of surnames.

Click here to read how to use Earliest Known Ancestor updates to improve your genealogy research.

Here is a link to a page on the International Society of Genetic Genealogy Wiki that is devoted to describing the DNA of various historical people. Do you match any of them? 

Family Tree DNA is holding a Holiday Sale from now until January 1, 2025. The 37 marker Y-DNA test is on sale for $99 plus postage and the 111 marker Y-DNA test is $209 plus postage. Please note these are the only tests applicable to our Phillips DNA Project. Here is a link to a page where you can order a test kit through our project which will guarantee your results will be placed in our project.

A controversial forensic scientist who has spent more than two decades analyzing the DNA of the alleged bones of Christopher Columbus and his relatives without publishing any conclusive data, has indefinitely postponed the presentation of his findings. Click here to read more in El Pais.

Family Tree DNA is holding a sale through November 24th on its DNA tests. The 37 marker Y-DNA test is $99 plus postage and the 111 marker Y-DNA test is $209 plus postage. Please note that these are the only tests that are applicable to our Phillips DNA Project. Here is a link to a page where you can order a test kit through our project which will guarantee your results will be included in our project.

This year FTDNA's Summer Sale runs through the month of August. The Y-DNA 37 marker test is on sale for $99 plus postage and the Y-DNA 111 marker test is on sale for $209 plus postage. Please be advised that these are the ONLY tests that are applicable to our project. Here is a link to a page where you can order a test through our project which will guarantee your results will be included in our project.

Y-DNA results have no real meaning when taken on their own. The value comes in comparing your specific results, or haplotype, with other individuals to whom you think you are related to see how many of your markers match.

Since DNA testing cannot on its own identify the common ancestor that you share with another individual, a useful application of the Y-DNA test is the Surname Project, which brings together the results of many tested males with the same surname to help determine how (and if) they are related to each other.

Click here to read more at ThoughtCo dot com.

Family Tree DNA's Father Day Sale starts today and runs through June 17th. Their 37 marker Y-DNA test is on sale for $99 plus postage or an 111 marker Y-DNA test for $209 plus postage. Please be advised that these are the only tests that pertain to our Phillips DNA Project. Here's a link to a page where you can order a test kit through our project which will guarantee your results will be added to our project.

Over the millennia, in a continuous process, Irish clans gave rise to subsequent clans. These descendant clans adopted specific surnames from about 900 A.D. onwards. Thus, the post-surname clans that descended from a specific pre-surname clan should be relatively closely related to each other genetically. Click here to read more.

FTDNA is holding a DNA Day Sale from April 15 to April 25. The Y-37 test is on sale for $99 plus postage and the Y-111 test is on sale for $209 plus postage. Please note that these are the only DNA tests that are applicable to our project. Family Finder, Big Y-700 and mtFull Sequence are not applicable to our project. Here is a link to a page where you can order a Y-DNA test through our project which will guarantee your results will be added to our project.

Dive into the nuances of surname spelling variations from slight variations to drastic surname overhauls in this engaging genealogical exploration:

https://blog.familytreedna.com/surname-spelling-variations/

Here's a link to an interesting study entitled "Genetic history of East-Central Europe in the first millennium CE".

How did a young man born 2,000 years ago near what is now southern Russia, end up in the English countryside? Click here to read the whole story.

Family Tree DNA's Holiday Sale starts today December 1, 2023 and runs through January 3, 2024. Their Y-DNA111 test is on sale for $209 plus postage and their Y-DNA37 test is on sale for $99 plus postage. Please be advised that these are the only tests that can be used to identify matches with members in our project. Here is a link to a page where you can order a test kit through our project which will guarantee your results will be added to our project.

Family Tree DNA is holding a sale through November 30 on their DNA tests. The Y-111 test is on sale for $199 plus postage and the Y-37 test is on sale for $79 plus postage. Please be advised that only the Y-111 and Y-37 tests can be used to identify matches in our project. Here is a link to a page where you can order a test through our project which will guarantee your results will be included in our project.

Family Tree DNA is holding a sale until 19 November 2023. The 37 marker Y-DNA test is on sale for $99 plus postage. Please be advised this is the only test on sale that can be used to compare with other Phillips men in our DNA project. Here is a link to a page where you can order the test through our project which will guarantee your results will be placed in our project.

You should test more Y-DNA markers when you want to compare additional markers against others with similar results.

Additional STR markers will refine your matches. If you currently have many Y-12, Y-25, Y-37, or Y-67 matches, you should certainly consider upgrading your Y-DNA profile to a higher level.

The level that you choose and the need to upgrade depends on:

• Your goals,
• The amount of testing already completed by others in a Group Project that you are joining,
• The degree of certainty for a relationship (match) that you desire.

For genealogical matching, the most important factor is the degree of certainty that your near or exact matches are indeed related to you in recent generations. 

Generally, testing additional STR markers will:

• Narrow the expected time to a common ancestor with an exact match,
• Increase the degree of certainty for a near or exact match,
• Reduce the number of irrelevant matches.